Is it permissible for an employer to ask about an applicant's age during the hiring process?

Asking about an applicant's age during the hiring process is generally not permissible unless it qualifies as a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ). A BFOQ refers to a specific situation where age is an essential requirement for the job at hand. For example, certain positions may have age restrictions due to safety concerns or legal requirements, such as jobs involving the operation of vehicles where an individual must be a certain age to hold a valid driver's license.

However, outside of these specific instances, employment decisions cannot be made based on age, as this would violate the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), which protects individuals from discrimination based on age. Employers should focus on candidates' qualifications and experience rather than their age, as age should not determine an individual's ability to perform a job effectively.

The other options lack the nuance of the legal framework surrounding age discrimination, as some may suggest that it is permissible under broad circumstances, which is misleading. Understanding the importance of relevant qualifications over age is essential in promoting equitable hiring practices.