What are the two types of sexual harassment recognized under EEO laws?

The recognition of quid pro quo and hostile work environment as the two types of sexual harassment under Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws is foundational to understanding workplace protections against sexual harassment.

Quid pro quo harassment occurs when submission to unwelcome sexual advances or requests is made a condition of employment or results in job benefits, such as promotions or raises. This form of harassment essentially involves a power dynamic where an individual in a position of authority leverages their influence to coerce or manipulate someone into providing sexual favors in exchange for professional gain or to avoid negative consequences.

Hostile work environment harassment, on the other hand, refers to situations where an employee faces repeated, unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. This can include inappropriate jokes, graphic comments, or other forms of unwelcome behavior that affect a person's ability to work or feel safe in their workplace.

Together, these two types provide a comprehensive framework for identifying and addressing sexual harassment under EEO laws, ensuring that both coercive and environment-altering behaviors are recognized and can be combatted effectively in the workplace. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for both employees and employers in fostering a respectful and discrimination-free work environment.